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Spanish Florida was established in 1513, when Juan Ponce de León claimed peninsular Florida for Spain during the first official European expedition to North America.
Narváez expedition in 1528, Apalachee Bay. The parties signed the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819, and the transfer officially took place on July 17, 1821, over 300 years after Spain had first claimed the Florida peninsula. Spain's ability to govern or control the colony continued to erode, and, after repeated incursions by American forces against the Seminole people who had settled in Florida, Spain finally decided to sell the territory to the United States.
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The new colonial ruler divided the territory into East and West Florida, but despite offers of free land to new settlers, Britain was unable to increase the population or economic output, and traded Florida back to Spain after the American War of Independence in 1783.
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The missions were destroyed by Carolina and Creek raiders in a series of raids from 1702 to 1704, further reducing and dispersing the native population of Florida and reducing Spanish control over the area.īritain took possession of Florida as part of the agreements ending the Seven Years' War in 1763, and the Spanish population largely emigrated to Cuba. Augustine every year to perform labor in the town. Augustine with maize and other food crops, and the Apalachees who lived at the missions were required to send workers to St. Augustine to the Florida panhandle supplied St.
Augustine also provided ports where Spanish ships needing water or supplies could call.īeginning in the 1630s, a series of missions stretching from St. Large free-range cattle ranches in north-central Florida were the most successful agricultural enterprise and were able to supply both local and Cuban markets. Due to disease and, later, raids by Carolina colonists and their Native American allies, the native population was not large enough for an encomienda system of forced agricultural labor, so Spain did not establish large plantations in Florida. In contrast with Mexico and Peru, there was no gold or silver to be found. Marks, and Pensacola, all within the boundaries of present-day Florida.įlorida was never more than a backwater region for Spain and served primarily as a strategic buffer between New Spain, whose undefined northeastern border was somewhere near the Mississippi River), Spain's Caribbean colonies, and the expanding English colonies to the north. By the 18th century, Spain's control over La Florida did not extend much beyond a handful of forts near St. A number of missions, settlements, and small forts existed in the 16th and to a lesser extent in the 17th century they were eventually abandoned due to pressure from the expanding English and French colonial settlements, the collapse of the native populations, and the general difficulty in becoming agriculturally or economically self-sufficient. Spain's claim to this vast area was based on several wide-ranging expeditions mounted during the 16th century.
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While its boundaries were never clearly or formally defined, the territory was initially much larger than the present-day state of Florida, extending over much of what is now the southeastern United States, including all of present-day Florida plus portions of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Louisiana. La Florida formed part of the Captaincy General of Cuba, the Viceroyalty of New Spain, and the Spanish Empire during Spanish colonization of the Americas. Spanish Florida ( Spanish: La Florida) was the first major European land claim and attempted settlement in North America during the European Age of Discovery.
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